How to Improve Your English Pronunciation

How to Improve Your English Pronunciation One of the most important aspects of learning English is pronunciation. Without clear pronunciation, it is difficult to make yourself understood. First, start by learning individual sounds. After that, focus on the music of the language. You might be surprised by the following statement: Pronouncing every word correctly leads to poor pronunciation! Good pronunciation comes from stressing the right words- this is because English is a time-stressed language. In other words, some words- the content words- receive more focus, whereas other words- function words- are less important. Difficulty: Hard Time Required: Varies Here's How to Improve Your Pronunciation: Start by  learning individual sounds. These are called phonemes.  Use minimal pairs to practice individual vowel sounds. Minimal pairs are words in which only one sound changes. For example, pop - pep - pip - pap  changes the vowel sound. Using minimal pairs helps you isolate a sound to really focus on the small changes in sounds between vowels.  Learn pairs of consonants that are voiced and voiceless and practice through minimal pairs. For example,  f / v  the f sound is voiceless and the v voiced. You can recognize the difference between voiced and voiceless by placing a finger on your throat. Voiced sounds vibrate, whereas voiceless sounds do not vibrate. These pairs include: b / p - z / s - d / t - v / f - zh / sh - dj / ch.Learn the difference between pure vowels and diphthongs such as the oi sound in boy or aee sound in tray.  Learn the following rules concerning pronunciation: English is considered a stressed language while many other languages are considered syllabic. In other languages, such as French or Italian, each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable has its own length). English pronunciation focuses on specific stressed words while quickly gliding over the other, non-stressed, words. Stressed words are considered content words: Nouns e.g. kitchen, Peter- (most) principal verbs e.g. visit, construct- Adjectives e.g. beautiful, interesting- Adverbs e.g. often, carefully Non-stressed words are considered function words: Determiners e.g. the, a- Auxiliary verbs e.g. am, were- Prepositions e.g. before, of- Conjunctions e.g. but, and- Pronouns e.g. they, she. Try It for Yourself Read the following sentence aloud: The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance. Now, read the following sentence aloud: He can come on Sundays as long as he doesnt have to do any homework in the evening. Notice that the first sentence actually takes about the same time to speak well! Even though the second sentence is approximately 30% longer than the first, the sentences take the same time to speak. This is because there are five stressed words in each sentence. Exercise: Write down a few sentences, or take a few example sentences from a book or exercise.First underline the stressed words, then read aloud focusing on stressing the underlined words and gliding over the non-stressed words. Youll be surprised at how quickly your pronunciation improves! By focusing on stressed words, non-stressed words and syllables take on their more muted nature.When listening to native speakers, focus on how those speakers stress certain words and begin to copy this. More Tips toImprove Pronunciation Remember that non-stressed words and syllables are often swallowed in English.Always focus on pronouncing stressed words well, non-stressed words can be glided over.Dont focus on pronouncing each word. Focus on the stressed words in each sentence.

4 Expert PSAT Calculator Tips + Approved Calculators

4 Expert PSAT Calculator Tips + Approved Calculators SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips PSAT math can be intimidating, so it would be nice to be able to have some computerized help. But can you use a calculator on the PSAT? Yes, you can, though only on the second of the two Math sections on the PSAT.But what kind of calculator can you use, and when does it make sense to use a calculator on the PSAT? Read on for the complete list of approved calculators for PSAT test day and our top tips for using your calculator effectively. Can You Use a Calculator on the PSAT? Like the SAT, the PSAT has four sections: Reading, Writing, Math (No Calculator), and Math (Calculator). The No Calculator Math section is 25 minutes long, and has 17 questions, while the Calculator section is 45 minutes long and has questions. As the name suggests, the only time during the PSAT where you can use your calculator is on thefinal Calculator mathsection. According to College Board, most questions on the Calculator Math section can be answered without using a calculator, but a calculator could be useful on some questions. Translated from the College Board's cautious official language: you absolutely should use a calculator when it’s called for to make your life easier, but don’t over-complicate questions by using a calculator when it would be quicker to solve by hand. For example, it’s faster (and presents lower chances of error) to use your calculator to multiply 34 x 174. However, it’s much faster to solve an equation like 3x + 4y = 17, 4x + 8y = 26 by hand than to use your graphing calculator to do it. Approved Calculators for PSAT Test Day The College Board allows three types of calculators on the PSAT: four-function calculators, scientific calculators, and graphing calculators. Four-function calculators are so-called because they can basically just do four things: add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Although you could theoretically use just a four-function calculator on the PSAT, it's not recommended, most likely because four-function calculators usually lack useful features like parentheses and entry lines. The only advantages of four-function calculators are that they tend to be relatively inexpensive and take up less space. But honestly, the disadvantages of not being able to see what you just entered into the calculator far outweigh the benefits. All scientific calculators are permitted for use on the PSAT. A scientific calculator has all the features of a four-function calculator plus a few other useful things. Key functions included in all scientific calculators are parentheses, pi, and trigonometric functions, as can be seen below: AJC1/Flickr Parentheses in particular are great because you can use them to make sure your calculations happen in the right order. For example, ((15 x 19) – (13/2)) /100 is a whole lot easier to enter in all at once with parentheses, instead of having to break it up into its individual parts and then re-use the parts; every extra calculation entry you do introduces the chance of more error. The final type of calculator you can bring to the PSAT is a graphing calculator. Graphing calculators are great because they will definitely have features like entry lines as well as everything a scientific calculator has. They can also be helpful in visualizing solutions to linear equations – for instance, if you want to find out where the two equations cross, you can just look at the graph to get the coordinates The only problem with graphing calculators is that their multifunctionality can trick students into using them when not using a calculator would be faster. Avoid this trap by using a graphing calculator as you take practice tests and challenging yourself to question each time you use the calculator if it’s really necessary, or if it’s taking up more time than it’s saving. Unlike with scientific calculators, not all models of graphing calculator are allowed under the PSAT calculator rules. Below is a chart of acceptable PSAT graphing calculators, sorted by brand. Casio Hewlett-Packard Radio Shack Sharp Texas Instruments Other Brands FX-6000 series HP-9G EC-4033 EL-5200 TI-73 Datexx DS-883 FX-6200 series HP-28 series EC-4034 EL-9200 series TI-80 Micronta FX-6300 series HP-38G EC-4037 EL-9300 series TI-81 Smart2 FX-6500 series HP-39 series EL-9600 series (stylus not permitted) TI-82 FX-7000 series HP-40 series EL-9900 series TI-83/TI-83 Plus FX-7300 series HP-48 series TI-83 Plus Silver FX-7400 series HP-49 series TI-84 Plus/TI-84 Plus T FX-7500 series HP-50 series TI-84 Plus CE/TI-84 Plus CE-T FX-7700 series HP Prime TI-84 Plus Silver FX-7800 series TI-84 Plus C Silver FX-8000 series TI-85 FX-8500 series TI-86 FX-8700 series TI-89 FX-8800 series TI-89 Titanium FX-9700 series TI-Nspire/TI-Nspire CX FX-9750 series TI-Nspire CAS/TI-Nspire CX CAS FX-9860 series TI-Nspire CM-C/TI-Nspire CM-C CAS CFX-9800 series TI-Nspire CX-C CAS CFX-9850 series CFX-9950 series CFX-9970 series FX 1.0 series Algebra FX 2.0 series FX-CG-10 (PRIZM) FX-CG-20 Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Avoid These PSAT Calculators Some calculators, like TI-92 Plus or Voyage 200, are banned from the PSAT because they violate College Board PSAT calculator guidelines. Most of these guidelines are common sense, like that you can’t use a calculator that makes noise or a calculator that can access the Internet. A few of the other qualifications, though, are less obvious, like the fact that you can’t use a calculator that requires an electrical outlet. If your calculator meets any of the following criteria, you cannot use it on the PSAT: It’s part of a portable/handheld computer, laptop, electronic writing pad, or pocket organizer. Shockingly, you can't use your computer while taking the PSAT. It has QWERTY (i.e., typewriter) keypads as part of hardware or software (e.g., TI-92 Plus, Voyage 200). You also can’t use any â€Å"hardware peripherals† with an otherwise approved calculator (e.g. an external keyboard or LCD screen) It has pen-input/stylus/touch-screen capability (e.g., Palm, PDAs, Casio ClassPad) It has wireless or Bluetooth capability It paper tapes It can "talk" (terrifying) or make noise It requires an electrical outlet It can access the Internet It has cell phone capability or audio/video recording capability. No using your cellphone calculator on the PSAT! It has a digital audio/video player It has a camera or scanning capability No external view screens allowed on yourPSAT calculator! (Joe Haupt/Flickr) 4 PSAT Calculator Tips Now that you know what your options are for approved calculators for PSAT testing, let's go through a few key tips to help you use your calculatoreffectively on test day. Tip 1: Bring an Approved Calculator to the Test It’s better to have a calculator you can use and end up not needing it than to need a calculator and not have one. The same thing goes for making sure it’s an approved calculator; there’s no point in bringing a calculator with you that you can’t use. Tip 2: Be Familiar With Your Calculator One of the main reasons to use a calculator is that it enhances your speed and accuracy on the test. If you’re using a calculator you’ve never used before, you’ll be slower and more prone to errors, no matter how fancy the calculator is. Avoid test-day peril by using the calculator you plan to use on the PSAT for your everyday schoolwork and homework as much as possible. That way, when PSAT time comes, you’ll be comfortable with your calculator. Tip 3: Check the Calculator's Entry Line When you’re doing calculations during the test, it can be easy to get caught up in the rush to finish the test in time and accidentally hit "8" instead of "5," or "x" instead of "-". To limit the impact of these errors on you, double check the entry line before hitting â€Å"enter† to make sure you haven’t entered in the wrong number or operation. Double-checking the entry line is particularly important if you’re not using a graphing calculator that keeps a running log of all the calculations you’ve done. Tip 4: Know When Not to Use Your Calculator Especially if you have a graphing calculator, it can seem like the easier thing to do is to let the calculator work for you. Meticulously entering in an equation into the calculator and getting it to solve it for you, however, can take way more time than just doing it by hand would. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t use the calculator at all; rather, use it as a supplement to your skills, rather than as a replacement. Be warned,you shouldn't rely on calculator apps to do the hard work for you. PSAT proctors have the right to inspect your calculator and delete all programmed apps on there, and if you’d grown accustomed to using apps to solve problems, you’ll be in hot water. Hot water: beautiful to watch spewing from a geyser, less beautiful to be in. What’s Next? Now that you've gotten your calculator figured out, what's left to do? Only to learn what a perfect PSAT score is and how to get it, naturally. Ready to get into the details of what you'll be tested on when you take the PSAT? We discuss what's covered (and what's not) in our complete guide to the PSAT. Find out when you can take the PSAT with our up-to-date PSAT test dates article. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: